seem to be中的to be何時(shí)可以省略
本文章由春喜在線英語于2017.7.3日編輯發(fā)布
一、后接形容詞時(shí)
當(dāng)seem后接形容詞作表語時(shí),如果談的是客觀事實(shí),即看上去肯定是真實(shí)的東西,通常用seem to be;如果談的是主觀印象,則通常只用seem。但由于這種區(qū)別在沒有上下文的情況下并不總是很清楚,所以在許多情況下兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)均可以用。如:
He seems (to be) ill. 他似乎生病了。
He seems (to be) quite happy. 他似乎很高興。
He seems (to be) quite rich 他似乎相當(dāng)富有。
She seems (to be) very sleepy today. 今天她看上去很困倦。
但在有些情況下,由于其語境比較特殊,可能用其中一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)比另一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)更合適,如下面一句中的seems后最好不用to be:
He seems older than he is. 他看上去比實(shí)際年齡大。
二、后接名詞時(shí)
在名詞前通常要用seem to be(尤其是當(dāng)名詞前帶有定冠詞或物主代詞修飾時(shí)),如以下各句中的to be均不能省略。如:
He seemed to be the owner of the car. 他好像就是車主。
I spoke to a man who seemed to be the boss. 我跟一個(gè)人說話,他看上去像是老板。
Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 洗車似乎是你的主要愛好。
但是,在著重表現(xiàn)主觀感受的名詞短語前,有時(shí)可以省去to be。此時(shí)名詞前通常會(huì)有一個(gè)描繪性形容詞修飾。如:
It seems (to be) a good idea. 那似乎是個(gè)好主意。
It seems (to be) a real bargain. 這東西似乎很便宜。
下面一句中的fool前雖然沒有形容詞修飾,但a fool本身相當(dāng)于形容詞foolish:
He seems (to be) a fool. 他似乎是個(gè)笨蛋。
三、后接非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)
后接不定式的被動(dòng)式時(shí),有時(shí)可以省略to be,而只保留過去分詞(尤其是當(dāng)其中的過去分詞可用作形容詞時(shí)更是如此)。如:
Ann and Robert seem (to be) made for each other. 安和羅伯特真似天生的一對(duì)。
She didn’t seem (to be) convinced by the argument. 這個(gè)論點(diǎn)似乎沒有使她信服。
但后接不定式的進(jìn)行式時(shí),通常不能省略to be,因?yàn)閟eem后習(xí)慣上不接現(xiàn)在分詞作表語。所以,下面各句中的to be均不宜省略:
History seems to be repeating itself. 歷史似乎在重演。
He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在說什么。
His health seems to be improving little by little. 他健康狀況看來正在好轉(zhuǎn)。
注:如果seem to be doing sth結(jié)構(gòu)中的doing 不是現(xiàn)在分詞,而是形容詞,則可省略其中的to be。如:
His idea seems (to be) exciting. 他的主意看來令人激動(dòng)。
She seemed (to be) lacking in enthusiasm. 她似乎缺乏熱情。
四、與there be結(jié)構(gòu)連用時(shí)
當(dāng)seem用于there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其通常的表現(xiàn)形式為There seems to be…,其中的to be可以省略,也可以保留,但以保留為多見。如:
There seems to be something wrong here. 這兒好像有點(diǎn)不大對(duì)勁。
There seems to be a mistake in these figures. 這些數(shù)字中好像有個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
There seemed (to be) nobody about, so I went in. 附近似乎沒有人,因此我就走了進(jìn)去。
There seems (to be) every reason to believe that business will get better. 看來完全有理由相信生意會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)好。
注:省略to be后,seem便直接充當(dāng)了be的作用。
五、后接表語形容詞時(shí)
在作表語用的以a-開頭的形容詞前通常不能省略to be。如:
He seemed to be alone. 他似乎是一個(gè)人。
The children seem to be asleep. 孩子們似乎睡著了。
The children seemed to be awake when I went into their room. 在我進(jìn)屋時(shí),孩子們似乎醒了。