測一測:你有中式英語的通病嗎?
本文章由春喜在線英語于2017.8.3日編輯發(fā)布
誰在學(xué)英語的過程中沒有說過幾句Chinglish呢?
今天,我們就給大家盤點(diǎn)盤點(diǎn)那些最容易說錯(cuò)的表達(dá),讓我們和中式英語說白白~
1、那個(gè)小童星長殘了。
?The child star became ugly as he grew up.
? The child star is aging badly.
第一句的語法沒錯(cuò),但聽起來非常別扭。長殘了,最常用的說法就是age badly/terribly或者not age well,age是動(dòng)詞,表示年歲漸老。如果是小朋友長殘了,還可以說grow up (to be) ugly。
2、我覺得很痛。
? I am painful.
? I am in pain.
“我感到高興”是 I am happy,“我感到累了”是 I'm tired,但“我感到很痛”卻不是 I am painful。因?yàn)?nbsp;painful 表示“使人痛苦的,讓人疼痛或討厭的”,它的主語往往不是人,而是事物或人體的某個(gè)部位,如:The foot is painful(腳痛),The lessons are painful(教訓(xùn)是慘痛的)等。
所以沒有 I am painful 這個(gè)說法,如果你非要這樣說,別人會(huì)以為你全身帶電或渾身長刺,別人碰了你就會(huì)疼,是你讓別人痛苦,而不是你自己痛苦。
“我很痛”的習(xí)慣說法是I'm in pain. “你覺得痛嗎?”就是Are you in pain?
3、我好熱呀!
? I'm so hot!
? It's so hot!
呃,第一句很容易引起歧義,多半會(huì)被理解成,我好性感呀……除非這是你的本意……
4、老師很喜歡這個(gè)嘴甜的小姑娘。
?The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed girl.
?The teacher likes this honey-lipped girl.
中國人喜歡說“嘴甜”,但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的語言習(xí)慣,表示會(huì)說話。
5、蘿卜青菜,各有所愛。
?Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
?Tastes differ.
Tastes differ/vary 是句英語諺語,除此以外,原句還可翻譯成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等?!缎赂拍钣⒄Z》第三冊第23課的標(biāo)題是:One man's meat is another man's poison,表達(dá)得很生動(dòng)。 總之,應(yīng)采取意譯。
6、同學(xué)們都很討厭他,因?yàn)樗?jīng)常拍老師的馬屁。
? The students all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
? The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
以前在歐洲,臣民見到國王與王后往往要匍匐在地,親吻他們的靴子。后來,人們將 lick the boots 引申為“為了某種目的而討好某人”,它與漢語的“拍馬屁”含義一樣
如果你一定要用ass這個(gè)詞表達(dá)拍馬屁,那就說kiss someone's ass,但注意這是很粗鄙的說法,謹(jǐn)慎使用。
7、我們要把祖國建設(shè)成為社會(huì)主義的現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國。
? We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.
? We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.
形容詞作為修飾語在漢語和英語中都很常用,但使用的先后次序卻有所不同。在英語中我們一般遵循“靠近原則”,即越能說明本質(zhì)屬性的修飾詞越靠近它所修飾的名詞,當(dāng)從這一點(diǎn)看不出區(qū)別時(shí),就靠詞的長短來決定,短的在前,長的在后。原文中最能說明“國家”本質(zhì)的定語是“社會(huì)主義的”,所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修飾的中心詞。
8、人都是這山望著那山高,對自己的現(xiàn)狀沒有滿意的時(shí)候。
? Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one they're standing on. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.
?Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other side. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.
“這山望著那山高”是指人不滿足于現(xiàn)狀的心理,它在英語中已經(jīng)有了現(xiàn)成的說法,即 the grass is greener on the other side(對面的草更綠),因此我們借用即可,這樣既方便又更有利于與西方人溝通。
9、轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)南北
? fight south and north
? fight north and south
在地理方位的表達(dá)習(xí)慣上,中英文有一定的區(qū)別。中國人習(xí)慣于先“東西”后“南北”,而且在涉及“南北”時(shí),習(xí)慣于先說“南”,再說“北”,如:“南征北戰(zhàn)”、“南來北往”等。
而英美人與此正好相反,如“江蘇在中國的東南部”英文是Jiangsu is in China's southeast. (Or, Jiangsu is in southeast China.)而“新疆在中國的西北部”應(yīng)譯為 Xinjiang is in China's northwest. (or, Xingjian is in northwest China.)
10、我唯一的資本就是勤奮。
? My only capital is diligence.
? My only means to success is diligence.
原文的“資本”是借喻,實(shí)際指“可以依靠并取得成功的手段”。而英語的 capital 指 money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business,并沒有中文那樣的引申意思。所以,這里的“資本”不能與 capital 畫等號。也有人用 advantage 來翻譯“資本”,雖然不盡意,但至少可以讓讀者理解。
11、這家商店開辟了休息處,受到顧客的稱贊。
? This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers' appreciation.
? This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers' appreciation.
英語的 resting-place 雖然有“休息處”的意思,但更經(jīng)常的是用來指“墳?zāi)?rdquo;,即“最后安息之處”。因此,把公共場所的“休息處”譯為 resting-place 不很合適。也有人將它譯為 rest-room,但那更不妥當(dāng),因?yàn)橛⒄Z中的 rest-room 是“廁所”的委婉說法。
12、別聽他們胡說八道,根本就沒那回事。
? Don't listen to their babbling. It's nothing of the sort.
? Don't be fooled by their babbling. It's nothing of the sort.
原文中的“聽”不能用 listen to 來表示,因?yàn)?nbsp;listen to 指“聽”的動(dòng)作,而原文中的“別聽”不是不讓他“聽”,而是勸告他“不要聽信”,因此,用 not be fooled by 才更達(dá)意。
13、別看別人不把她當(dāng)回事,在家里她可是父親的掌上明珠。
? Although other people never take her seriously, she is the pearl on her father's hand at home.
? Although other people never take her seriously, she is the apple of her father's eye at home.
中英文常用不同的喻體表明相同的喻義,“掌上明珠”與 the apple of one's eye 就是一個(gè)很好的例子。這種情況我們一般應(yīng)尊重各國文化和習(xí)俗,翻譯時(shí)取目的語的固定說法,而不必直譯,這有助于將意思更有效地傳達(dá)給讀者。The apple of one's eye 源自圣經(jīng)《舊約》,當(dāng)時(shí)人們用 apple 指人的瞳孔。盡管瞳孔現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)用 pupil 來表示,不再是 apple 了,但這一用法卻延續(xù)了下來。
14、都十點(diǎn)鐘了。起床了,懶蟲!
? It's 10 o'clock. Get up, lazy worm!
? It's 10 o'clock. Get up, lazy bones!
“懶蟲”英語里與之對應(yīng)的說法是 lazy bones(懶骨頭)。注意,這里的 bone 應(yīng)以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),也許是因?yàn)椴粫?huì)只有一根骨頭懶吧!
15、大家都懷疑斯內(nèi)普教授是個(gè)間諜。
? Everyone doubts that Snape is a spy.
? Everyone suspects that Snape is a spy.
Doubt 作“懷疑”講,是“不相信”的意思;而 suspect 作“懷疑”講,是指“對...有所察覺”。第一句譯文所表達(dá)的意思是“大家對教授是間諜這件事表示懷疑”,即“大家不相信教授是間諜”,與原文的意思恰好相反。
16、我希望你不要拖我的后腿。
? I hope that you won't pull my leg.
? I hope that you won't hold me back.
Pull one's leg 是“愚弄某人,開某人的玩笑”的意思,相當(dāng)于 make fun of sb。英語中與“拖后腿”相對應(yīng)的表達(dá)是 hold sb. back 或 be a drag on sb 等。
17、學(xué)校里,那些長得人高馬大的家伙常來找我的麻煩。
? At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble.
? At school, those big and strong guys always come to pick on me.
英語中“找某人的麻煩”用短語 pick on sb. 它不僅表示“挑剔某人、找某人的碴”,而且還包含 tease(取笑、戲弄)或 bully(威脅、欺侮)的意思。
18、原來如此。一經(jīng)你解釋我就明白了。
? So it is. I understood soon after your explanation.
? Oh, I see. I understood soon after your explanation.
注:So it is 的意思是“就是這樣,的確如此”,表示贊同對方觀點(diǎn)。例如:
A: It is a fine day today!
B: So it is.
而在表達(dá)恍然大悟時(shí),英文要用 So that explains it, 或更簡單地道的說法 Oh, I see.
19、我沒料到這個(gè)無恥的女人居然同她好友的丈夫調(diào)情。
? I had not expected that this shameful woman would flirt with her best friend's husband.
? I had not expected that this shameless woman would flirt with her best friend's husband.
Shameful 通常指某事物是“可恥的,丟臉的”,而 shameless 表示 having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent,它一般用來指人“不知羞恥的,不要臉的”或“傷風(fēng)敗俗的”。原文也可譯為:It's shameful that the woman would flirt with her best friend's husband.
20、你不好好學(xué)習(xí),還想去牛津上大學(xué)。這可真是個(gè)不切實(shí)際的幻想喲!
? You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion!
? You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion!
漢語中的修飾語往往用的很多,目的在于加強(qiáng)語氣,但這種表達(dá)習(xí)慣在翻譯時(shí)必須進(jìn)行處理。Illusion 本身就有 impractical 的含義,而英語中在表意已經(jīng)很明確的情況下是無需重復(fù)的。
21、想讓他答應(yīng)這樣的要求恐怕不大可能。
? I'm afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request.
? I'm afraid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request.
Impossible 表示“完全不可能”,所以與原文有出入。在英語中,probable 表示的可能性最大,其次是 possible,再次是 likely。而常用的句式為 it is probable/possible/likely for sb to do sth,或 sb be likely to do sth。
22、她和男朋友吵了一架,冒著大雨跑了出去。
? She quarreled with her boyfriend and ran out in the big rain.
? She quarreled with her boyfriend and ran out in the heavy rain.
漢語中的“大”可以修飾很多名詞,如“大風(fēng)”、“大浪”、“濕氣大”等,但在英語里卻不能一一對應(yīng)。例如,“大雨”就不能譯成 big rain。英美人形容雨大習(xí)慣用“重”(heavy),heavy rain(大雨),heavy clouds(云霧大),heavy moisture(潮氣大)等,這也許是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為有些事物用重量來衡量比用體積更好吧。
23、在皎潔的月光下,那個(gè)花花公子在我耳邊悄悄說著情話。
? The playboy whispered love words into my ear under a bright moon.
? The playboy whispered sweet nothings into my ear under a bright moon.
因?yàn)?ldquo;情書”是 love letter,“情歌”是 love song,所以不少人以為“情話”就應(yīng)該是 love words,其實(shí)并非如此。英語中“情話”常用 lovers' prattle 或 sweet nothings 來表達(dá)。Prattle 有“孩子話,廢話”的意思,所以 lovers' prattle 指“戀人之間孩子氣的廢話”;sweet nothings 更是一目了然,有“甜蜜而不中用”的意思。
24、給這位女士來杯威士忌,記在我的賬上。
? Whisky for this lady, and put it on my bill.
? Whisky for this lady, and put it on my tab.
我們可以說 Could we have the bill, please? (請給我們賬單好嗎?)或 pay the bill(埋單),但“記在某某的賬上”卻不用 bill,而要用 put...on one's tab 表示。
Tab 是“小紙片”的意思,因?yàn)檫^去小店的生意都是靠住在附近的老主顧,賒賬時(shí)有發(fā)生,于是老板們通常把每個(gè)人的賒賬情況記在各自的小紙片上,也就是 put...on one's tab,以防遺忘。
現(xiàn)在put it on my tab也就是說先把賬記在我開的賬單上,我以后一起算清。
25、昨天晚上我們玩得很愉快。
? We played very pleasantly last night.
? We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. / We had a good time last night.
玩牌,打球,演戲之類就用 play,漢語這兒說的玩是指度過一個(gè)愉快的時(shí)候,最好譯成 enjoy oneself 或 have a good time.
如果是和某人一起玩的話,最好說成hang out with sb,不要說play with sb,后者容易引起誤會(huì),帶有性暗示。
26、嘿,小伙子,千萬別灰心。
? Hey, lad, don't lose your heart.
? Hey, lad, don't lose heart.
Lose one's heart (to sb) 是“心被...俘虜去,愛上...”的意思,而 lose heart 才表示“灰心喪氣,喪失勇氣或信心”。
27、百里挑一
? one in a hundred
? one in a thousand
“百里挑一”常被用來形容“很特別,很出眾”或“與眾不同”,one in a thousand 也有相同的含義。但值得注意的是,漢語用“百”,而英語則以十倍于百的 thousand 來夸張。同樣,漢語的“十分感謝”或“萬分感謝”,英語則說 a thousand thanks(千分感謝)或 thanks a million times(百萬次的感謝)??梢姡⒄Z比漢語要夸張。
28、周末許多人睡得很晚。
? Most people sleep late on weekends.
? Most people stay up late on weekends.
英語動(dòng)詞有短暫動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)動(dòng)詞之分。Sleep 是典型的持續(xù)動(dòng)詞,表示“在睡覺”的過程。而原文的睡表示“上床睡覺”的短暫動(dòng)作,所以不能直接翻譯成sleep late。睡得晚,就是stay up late,也可以說go to sleep late。
另外,sleep late的意思是早上起得晚。
29、一輛白色轎車前來接新郎新娘去教堂。
?A white car turned up to take the groom and the bride to the church.
? A white car turned up to take the bride and the groom to the church.
漢英兩種語言均有各自固定的詞序,因此,在翻譯時(shí)要根據(jù)各自的語言習(xí)慣進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整,此處就是一個(gè)很好的例子。之所以將新娘放在前面,也許是西方文化中“女士優(yōu)先”的又一體現(xiàn)吧!又如:“衣食住行”譯成英語是 food, clothing, shelter and transportation; 同樣,“左顧右盼”翻譯成 look right and left。