春喜外語(yǔ)：完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
【將來(lái)完成時(shí)】
用將來(lái)完成時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的事情。
這種時(shí)態(tài)常與下列時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用:
... by Monday, Tuesday, 等等
... by the time ...
... by five o'clock, two-thirty, 等等.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定的
Subject + will + have + past participle + object(s) + time Expression
主語(yǔ)+ will + have +過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間
They will have finished the report by tomorrow afternoon.
否定的
Subject + will not (won't) + have + past participle + object(s) + time Expression
主語(yǔ)+ will not (won't) + have +過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間表達(dá)式
Mary won't have answered all the questions by the end of this hour.
問(wèn)題
(Question Word) + will + subject + have + past participle + object(s) + time Expression
(疑問(wèn)詞)+ will +主語(yǔ)+ have +過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間表達(dá)
What will you have done by the end of this month?
【將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)】
將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用來(lái)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的持續(xù)時(shí)間。這種時(shí)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)中不常用。
這種時(shí)態(tài)常與下列時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用:
... by / ... by the time ...
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定的
Subject + will + have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
主語(yǔ)+ will + have + been +動(dòng)詞+ ing +賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間表達(dá)
We will have been studying for two hours by the time he arrives.
否定的
Subject + will not (won't) + have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
主語(yǔ)+ will not (won't) + have + been +動(dòng)詞+ ing +賓語(yǔ)(s) + time Expression
He won't have been working long by two o'clock.
問(wèn)答
(Question Word) + will + subject + have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
(疑問(wèn)詞)+ will +主語(yǔ)+ have + been +動(dòng)詞+ ing +賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間表達(dá)
How long will you have been working on that project by the time he arrives?
【過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行】
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用來(lái)描述一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)在其他事情發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
這種時(shí)態(tài)常與下列時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用:
... for X hours, days, months, 等等
... since Monday, Tuesday, 等等
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定的
Subject + had + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
主語(yǔ)+ had + been +動(dòng)詞+ ing +賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間表達(dá)
She had been waiting for two hours when he finally arrived.
否定的
Subject + had not (hadn't) + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
主語(yǔ)+ had not (hadn't) + been +動(dòng)詞+ ing +賓語(yǔ)(s) + time
They hadn't been working long when the boss asked them to change their focus.
問(wèn)答
(Question Word) + had + subject + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
(疑問(wèn)詞)+ had +主語(yǔ)+ been +動(dòng)詞+ ing +賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間表達(dá)
How long had Tom been working on that project when they decided to give it to Pete?
【過(guò)去完成時(shí)】
過(guò)去完成時(shí)用來(lái)表達(dá)某事發(fā)生在另一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前。它經(jīng)常被用來(lái)提供上下文或解釋。
這種時(shí)態(tài)常與下列時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用:
... before
already
once, twice, three times,等等
... by the time
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定的
Subject + had + past participle + object(s) + time Expression
主語(yǔ)+ had +過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間
She had already eaten by the time the children came home.
否定的
Subject + had not (hadn't) + past participle + object(s) + time Expression
主語(yǔ)+ had not (hadn't) +過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間
They hadn't finished their homework before the teacher asked them to hand it in.
問(wèn)答
(Question Word) + had + subject + past participle + object(s) + time Expression
(疑問(wèn)詞)+ had +主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)(s) +時(shí)間
Where had you gone before the class began???