本文章由春喜在線英語于2017.8.18日編輯發(fā)布

語法知識一：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

 

 

1.一般情況，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives

5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane

6. 不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

　　
 語法知識二：名詞的格

 (1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格：
a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名詞中，如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后，表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的，應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車

(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系：如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China

   

    語法知識三：不定冠詞，定冠詞種類：

1. (1)不定冠詞：a / an a unit / an uncle

元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :    

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
 

 (2)定冠詞：the 

the egg the plane

2. 用法:定冠詞的用法：

 (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk

 (2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.

(4)在序數(shù)詞前： John’s birthday is February the second.

(5)用于固定詞組中： in the morning / afternoon / evening

 

語法知識點四：不用冠詞的情況：

        (1)專有名詞前：China is a big country.
        (2)名詞前有定語：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.
       (3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
       (4)在節(jié)日，日期，月份，季節(jié)前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
       (5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
       (6)球類 棋類運動前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
       但樂器前要用定冠詞：I play the guitar very well.
       (7)學(xué)科名稱前：My favorite subject is music.
       (8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前：This is Mr Li.
       (9)固定詞組中：at noon at night by bus

       語法知識三：常用介詞：in, on, at, behind等

 

       1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
       at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
 

       2.on
       1)表示具體日期。
       注：(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法：
       at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
       at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
       over the weekend在整個周末
       during the weekend在周末期間
       (2)在圣誕節(jié)，應(yīng)說at Christmas？而不說on Christmas？
       2)在(剛……)的時候。
       On reaching the city he called up his parents.
       一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。
 

       3.in
       1)表示"時段"、"時期"，在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對比，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December，the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))

 

語法知識五：動詞的四種時態(tài)

 

       (1)一般現(xiàn)在時：
 

       一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成
1. be動詞：主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
 

　　動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
(2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：
 

　　A、規(guī)則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d：如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
 

　?、?雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,

　　see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
 

　　(3)一般將來時：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

 

       (4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting.